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The History of Ketamine

Ketamine Buy. The primary reason ketamine was developed was to offer a replacement for PCP (phencyclidine) — which was the primary analgesic used for surgery prior to 1970.

Scientists have been searching for an alternative to PCP for a long time. While this drug worked to stop pain and suffering during surgical procedures and after severe traumatic injuries, it often led to long-term side effects like psychosis.

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Ketamine was first synthesized by Calvin L. Stevens in 1962. At the time, Stevens was a professor of Chemistry at Wayne State University and worked as a consultant for the Pfizer Pharmaceutical subsidiary, Parke-Davis.

Ketamine (then called CI-581) was first tested on animals and showed very promising results as an analgesic. It was then tested (involuntarily) on prisoners in 1964 . The results of these studies were enough to prove ketamine was just as effective as PCP, only with a much lower risk of side effects. The drug was finally approved in 1970 for use in medicine, and PCP was quickly removed from service.

S-ketamine vs. R-ketamine: What’s The Difference?

Most drugs come in two different enantiomers.

Enantiomers are chemicals that have the exact same chemical structure but are mirror images of each other. Just like your right and left hand. Both hands have the same shape, but in order for them to share the same outline, you have to flip one of them upside down.

There are two enantiomers for ketamine — the “R” and “S” enantiomers.

Ketamine contains both of them at a ratio of around 1:1.

Esketamine (S-ketamine) contains only the “S” ketamine, which is the stronger of the two molecules. Ketamine Buy